甲基对硫磷

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[中文]: 甲基对硫磷

[英文]: parathion-methyl

[说明]: 又名甲基一六○五。学名硫代磷酸-O,O-二甲基-O-对硝基苯基酯。一种有机磷杀虫剂。纯品是白色针状晶体。有臭味。密度1.352。熔点36～36.5℃。沸点158℃（0.26千帕）。工业品是黄色油状液体。难溶于水和石油。易溶于苯、二甲苯、氯苯、二氯乙烷等。在碱性溶液中较对硫磷更易水解，用途与对硫磷相像。可加工成粉剂、可湿性粉剂、可湿性粉剂和乳剂使用。其杀虫剂药效与对硫磷相同，但对人畜的毒性较对硫磷小三倍。由三氯硫磷、甲醇与氢氧化钠作用生成二甲基硫代磷酰氯，再与对硝基苯酚缩合而成。

第一部分：基本信息

CAS编码： 298-00-0

Development Codes： E-120

IUPAC名称： O,O-dimethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate

英文通用名称： Parathion-methyl

中文通用名称： 甲基对硫磷

英文商品名称： Methyl parathion;Metaphos;Bladan M[拜耳]; Folidol-M; Metacide; Metaphos; Methylparathion; Nitrox 80; Parataf[Rallis India]

中文商品名称： 甲基巴拉松[台];甲基1605; 甲基一六O五

英文化学名称： O,O-dimethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate

中文化学名称： O,O-二甲基-O-对硝基苯基硫代磷酸酯

第二部分：理化性质

分子式： C8H10NO5PS

结构式：

分子量： 263.2

性状描述： 无色无味晶体(原药为浅色至深褐色液体)，熔点35－36℃(原药约29℃)，沸点 154℃/136Pa，蒸气压0.2mPa(20℃)，0.41mPa(25℃)，密度1.358(20℃)，原药 1.20－1.22)，KowlogP=3.0，溶解度水55mg/L(20℃)，溶于大多数有机溶剂中， 如二氯甲烷、甲苯>200，己烷10－20(g/L，20℃)，几乎不溶于石油醚和某些矿 物油，酸碱介质中水解(高于对硫磷约5倍)，加热发生异构化，水中光解。Composition:Form:Colourless, odourless crystals; (tech., light to dark tan-coloured liquid). M.p.: 35-36 ℃; (tech. c. 29 ℃) B.p.: 154 ℃/136 Pa V.p.: 0.2 mPa (20 ℃); 0.41 mPa (25 ℃) Henry: 8.57 × 10-3 Pa m3 mol-1S.g./density: 1.358 (20 ℃); (tech., 1.20-1.22) Solubility: In water 55 mg/l (20 ℃). Readily soluble in common organic solvents, e.g. dichloromethane, toluene >200, hexane 10-20 (all in g/l, 20 ℃). Sparingly soluble in petroleum ether and some types of mineral oil.Stability: Hydrolysed in alkaline and acidic media (c. 5× more rapidly than parathion); DT50 (25 ℃) 68 d (pH 5), 40 d (pH 7), 33 d (pH 9). Isomerises on heating, to the O,S-dimethyl analogue. Photodegrades in water. F.p.: >150 ℃ (tech.)

第三部分：毒理学性质 回目录 LD50/LC50: 急性经口：约14mg/kg；急性经皮：约45mg/kg。Oral: Acute oral LD50 for rats c. 3, male mice c. 30, male and female rabbits 19 mg/kg.Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50: for male and female rats c. 45 mg/kg (24 h); not irritating to skin and eyes (rabbits). Not a skin sensitiser. Inhalation: (4 h) for rats c. 0.17 mg/l air (aerosol).Birds: Five-day LC50 for mallard ducks 1044 mg (as EC 480)/kg.Fish: LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 2.7, golden orfe 6.9 mg/l.Bees: Toxic to bees.Daphnia: LC50 (48 h) 0.0073 mg/l.Algae: ErC50 for Scenedesmus subspicatus 3 mg/l.Worms: LC50 for Eisenia foetida 40 mg/kg dry soil.Other aquatic spp.: NOEL: (2 y) for rats 2, mice 1 mg/kg diet; (12 mo) for dogs 0.3 mg/kg b.w. daily. NOAEL: � LOAEL: � ADI: 0.02mg/kg bw BMD: � PTWI: � PTDI: � RfD: � MTD: � Acute RfD: � 是否致癌物: × 是否基因致癌物: × 其他毒理学性质: 高毒。Toxicity class EPA(formulation): I

第四部分：类别 回目录 类别： 杀虫剂

第五部分：作用特点 回目录 作用： Biochemistry: Cholinesterase inhibitor. Mode of action: Non-systemic insecticide and acaricide with contact, stomach, and some respiratory action. Uses: Control of chewing and sucking insects in a very wide range of crops, such as cereals, fruit (including citrus), vines, vegetables, ornamentals, cotton, and field crops. Phytotoxicity: Non-phytotoxic when used as recommended. Alfalfa, sorghum, certain varieties of apple, cucurbit leaves (when wet), peach leaves, roses and some other ornamental plants may suffer slight injury. Compatibility: Not compatible with alkaline materials. 作用特点： 杀虫谱及对害虫的作用机制与对硫磷相近，但该药对害虫的药效比对硫磷低 ，且残效短，对人畜的毒性也较低，但它仍属高毒农药，主要用于防治棉花 、水稻、果树害虫。

第六部分：国内应用情况 回目录 国内登记或注册： √ 国内生产： √ 国外进口： ×

第七部分：国外应用情况 回目录 国外应用情况： 禁用情况：日本(71年) 限用情况：匈牙利(持证者使用)

第八部分：代谢情况 回目录 代谢情况： Animals: In mammals, following oral administration, parathion-methyl is almost completely excreted in the urine within 24 hours. The major metabolites in man are 4-nitrophenol and dimethyl phosphate. Plants: The major metabolites formed in plants are 4-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenyl glucopyranoside and P-S-demethyl parathion-methyl. Soil/environment: Based on the Koc values and leaching studies, parathion-methyl can be classified as a compound with low/medium mobility. In biologically-active soils, parathion-methyl is rapidly degraded. As for phosphorothioates in general, metabolism is by oxidation to the phosphate, demethylation of the ester groups, and hydrolysis to phosphorothioic acid, phosphoric acid, and 4-nitrophenol. 备注： 无 检测方法 检测方法1：出口水果中乐果,甲基对硫磷残留量检验方法(SN 0291-93) 检测方法2：出口水果和蔬菜中22种有机磷农药多残留量检验方法(SN 0334-95) 检测方法3：苯硫磷、克瘟散、丙线磷、乙嘧硫磷、硫线磷、喹硫磷、毒死蜱、毒虫畏、甲基毒虫畏、乐果、二嗪农、甲基乙拌磷、特丁磷、三唑磷、甲基托氯磷、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、吡唑硫磷、甲基嘧啶磷、杀螟硫磷、丰索磷、倍硫磷、双硫丹、抑草磷、丙虫硫磷、辛硫磷、伏杀硫磷、噻唑磷和马拉硫磷检测方法(JAP-012)

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